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This is some of the poisonous plant items known.
Rule of Thumb: BASICALLY ALL PLANTS ARE POISONOUS!
Vitamin A is an important essential nutrient for most animal species, and both deficiencies and excess dietary intake cause disease
Vitamin A in foods
The main dietary sources of vitamin A are found in liver, other animal tissues, and fish liver oils .
Vitamin A is not found in plant material - but carotene is. Carotene gives plants their yellowish colour and it can be converted into active vitamin A by animals which have an enzyme to do this in the wall of their intestine, including :
buffalo
dog
goat
pig
rabbit
rat
sheep
In other species eg humans, cattle, chicks and horses a large amount of the carotene in food is absorbed intact. Animals that absorb carotene have yellow body fat, whereas those that convert carotene to vitamin A before absorption have white body fat.
Carotene is also known as pro-vitamin A. Cats and mink are two species that are obligatory carnivores and they can not use carotene so they need to have vitamin A from animal sources in their ration. This is one of the reason why cats can not be fed a vegetarian diet.
Roles in the body
In the body vitamins control the rate of biochemical pathways - as enzymes, co-enzymes or as a precursor to enzymes. They are important for the control of many physiological processes in the body.
Many authors consider vitamin A to be the most important vitamin in the body because it is important for normal :
Growth
Protective mucous membranes
Reproduction
Sight
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A is important for normal bone growth and development and deficiency has been associated with several abnormalities.
Animals deficient in vitamin A are more susceptible to infections and stress-related disorders, and shedding of cells into the urinary tract may lead to the formation of stones (called uroliths) which can cause urinary tract problems.
Vitamin A is a constituent of retinal which is found in the rods of the retina of the eye combined with a protein called "opsin" to form visual purple (also called rhodopsin), and vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness . Vitamin A is also responsible for maintaining a normal surface on the eye (the cornea) and deficiency leads to drying of the eye surface - a condition called xerophthalmia. This can lead to blue cloudiness of the eye followed by ulcer formation. In humans vitamin A deficiency is the commonest cause of blindness in young children.
Vitamin A toxicity
Taking excess vitamin A supplement, or eating too much liver are common causes of toxicity. 90% of the body's vitamin A is stored in the liver, so liver is an excellent source of vitamin A - on the other hand too much liver can cause vitamin A toxicity.
Too much vitamin A fed to pregnant dogs can cause an anatomical defect called cleft palate to occur in the offspring. Toxicity is common in cats fed fresh liver and this causes new bone to form around joints which is painful and causes lameness.
Vitamin A requirements
Vitamin A requirements increase during growth and pregnancy, and vary in different species. Poor storage conditions such as prolonged storage of food at high temperatures can reduce the amount of active vitamin A in a food.
Most prepared complete pet foods have adequate amounts of vitamin A added to the mix and additional supplementation is unnecessary and may be harmful so don't give supplements to your pet without taking veterinary advice first.
Here is a list of common foods that are bad or poisonous for your dog. If you suspect that your dog might have eaten any food that might be toxic, contact his/her vet immediately.
NAME INFORMATION
Alcohol:
Do not give your dog sips of any alcoholic beverage. Ingestion can lead to injury, disorientation, sickness, urination problems or even coma or death from alcohol poisoning. Some dogs may be attracted to alcoholic drinks so don't leave one setting where a dog can reach it.
Anti-freeze The Dangers Of Antifreeze:
Antifreeze has a sweet taste that dogs and cats like and if they find antifreeze they will drink it. Even a small amount of antifreeze can be fatal. If a cat walks through a puddle of antifreeze and then licks its paws, it can ingest enough antifreeze to cause death. About 3-4 tablespoons can kill a medium sized dog. If you see or suspect your dog has ingested antifreeze contact a veterinarian immediately, or rush your pet to an emergency vet clinic. In order to prevent the ethylene glycol from being absorbed into the liver your veterinarian will administer an IV of ethanol which counters the affect of the deadly ethylene glycol. The earlier treatment is started the greater the chance of survival. Once kidney failure develops, most pets will die.
SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of antifreeze poisoning depend upon the time after ingestion. Symptoms can begin as soon as 30 minutes after the antifreeze has been ingested and may last about 12 hours.
The first symptoms are:
depressed behavior (laying still or the pet has no interest in what is happening around it)
vomiting, staggering, wobbling, appearing drunk, tremors or seizures
Increased thirst, frequent urination.
After the first stage the pet may appear to feel better but in a day or two get much worse as the kidneys begin to fail. The amount of urine passed will often decrease to a very small amount. At this point, the liver will have broken down the ethylene glycol, the active ingredient in antifreeze, changing it into more toxic substances.
Further symptoms may not be noticeable for days and irreparable damage may be occurring. Vomiting may reoccur, as well as loss of appetite, dehydration, inability to urinate, salivation, seizures, mouth ulcers, coma and death.
The diagnosis of antifreeze poisoning is made by blood and urine tests although some of these tests become negative by the time kidney failure develops.
TREATMENT
Pets who suffer kidney failure due to antifreeze poisoning can occasionally be saved with aggressive treatment. Some specialty veterinary practices offer dialysis which can be used to remove waste products that are not being removed by the diseased kidneys in an effort to keep the pet alive in hopes of giving the kidneys a chance to repair. Whether the kidneys will repair themselves or not depends on how severely they are injured.
Unfortunately the kidney damage caused by antifreeze is usually very severe and irreversible. Kidney transplants have been performed in dogs and cats but not all are good candidates for this type of surgery, and lack of donor organs may prevent those that are good candidates from having the surgery. This is an extreme measure and the expense is usually above what the average pet owner usually can afford.
Apple:
The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides which can result in cyanide poisoning.
Apricot:
The seed pit contains cyanogenic glycosides which can cause cyanide poisoning.
Avocado:
Avocado contains a toxic element called persin which can damage heart, lung and other tissue in many animals.
Avocadoes are high in fat content and can trigger an upset stomach, vomiting or even pancreatitis. The seed pit is also toxic and if swallowed can become lodged in the intestinal tract where it may cause a severe blockage which will have to be removed surgically. Since avocado is the main ingredient in guacamole be sure and keep your dog out of the dip.
Baby Food:
Before feeding any baby food to your dog check the ingredients to see if it contains onion powder, which can be toxic to dogs. Feeding baby food in large amounts may result in nutritional deficiencies.
Bones (cooked):
Cooked bones can be very hazardous for your dog. Bones become brittle when cooked which causes them to splinter when broken. The splinters have sharp edges that have been known to become stuck in the teeth, caused choking when caught in the throat or caused a rupture or puncture of the stomach lining or intestinal tract. Especially bad bones are turkey and chicken legs, ham, pork chop and veal.
Symptoms of choking are:
Pale or blue gums
Gasping Open-mouthed breathing
Pawing at face
Slow, shallow breathing
Unconscious, with dilated pupils
Raw bones (uncooked in any way):
Like chicken necks or beef knuckle bones are generally considered safe and help keep your dog's teeth healthy by removing plaque. A caution - bones have a high calcium content and too many can cause severe constipation.
Bread Dough:
When bread dough is ingested your dog's body heat causes the dough to rise in the stomach. During the rising process alcohol is produced as the dough expands. Pets who have eaten bread dough may experience abdominal pain, bloat, vomiting, disorientation and depression. A pet needs to eat only a small amount to cause a problem, because bread dough can rise to many times its size.
Broccoli:
The toxic ingredient in broccoli is isothiocynate. While it may cause stomach upset it probably won't be very harmful unless the amount fed exceeds 10% of the dogs total dailey diet.
Caffeine Beverages with caffeine (like soda, tea, coffee): acts as a stimulant and can accelerate your pet's heartbeat to a dangerous level. Pets ingesting caffeine have been known to have seizures, some fatal.
Candy, Sugarless candy containing xylitol:
Has been recognised by the National Animal Poison Control Center (NAPCC) to be a risk to pets (first published July 2004). This compound can cause liver damage and death in some dogs. This information is recent and some vets may not be familiar with xylitol poisoning.
If your dog has eaten sugarless candy you can contact the NAPCC by telephone, 1-888-426-4435 for more information.
Cat Food:
Cat food is not formulated for canine comsumption. It is generally too high in protein and fats and is not a balanced diet for a dog.
Cherries:
The seed pit contains cyanogenic glycosides which can cause cyanide poisoning.
Chocolate:
Chocolate contains theobromine, a compound that is a cardiac stimulant and a diuretic. When affected by an overdose of chocolate, a dog can become excited and hyperactive. Due to the diuretic effect, it may pass large volumes of urine and it will be unusually thirsty. Vomiting and diarrhea are also common. The effect of theobromine on the heart is the most dangerous effect. Theobromine will either increase the dog's heart rate or may cause the heart to beat irregularly. Death is quite possible, especially with exercise. Symptoms of chocolate poisoning include: vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, hyperactivity, irregular heartbeat and seizures.
Larger quantities of chocolate can poison or even kill a medium or large dog. An ounce or two of chocolate may not seem like much but it can be lethal to a small dog that weighs 10 lbs. or less. After their dog has eaten a large quantity of chocolate, many pet owners assume their pet is unaffected. However, the signs of sickness may not be seen for several hours, with death following within twenty-four hours.
Cocoa powder and Bakers chocolate:
Are the most toxic forms. These forms of chocolate contain ten times more theobromine than milk chocolate. Even licking a substantial part of the chocolate icing from a cake can make a dog sick. The next most dangerous forms are semi-sweet chocolate and dark chocolate, with milk chocolate being the least dangerous. A dog needs to eat more than a 250gm block of milk chocolate, however the high amount of fat found in milk chocolate can lead to an attack of pancreatitis.
1 ounce per pound of body weight (2 ounces per kg of body weight) for milk chocolate.
1 ounce per 3 pounds of body weight ( 1 ounce per 1.5 kg body weight) for semi-sweet chocolate
1 ounce per 9 pounds of body weight ( 1 ounce per 4 kg) for baker's chocolate.
During many holidays such as Christmas, New Year's Day, Easter and Halloween, chocolate is often accessible to curious dogs, and in some cases, people unwittingly poison their dogs by offering them chocolate as a treat or letting them lick a frosting bowl.
Citrus Oil Extracts:
Citrus oil extracts have been known to cause vomiting.
Corn Cobs:
Many dogs have suffered and, in some cases, died after eating corn-on-the-cob, because the corn cob caused a partial or complete intestinal obstruction. Never allow your dog access to corn cobs.
Dairy Products:
Most dairy products are digested poorly by dogs who have little or none of the enzyme required to digest the lactose in milk. Just like lactose-intolerant people, lactose-intolerant dogs can develop excessive intestinal gas (flatulence) and may have foul-smelling diarrhea. It is best to avoid most dairy products altogether, although small amounts of cheese or plain yogurt are tolerated by most dogs, since these products have less lactose than most.
Eggs (Raw):
Raw egg whites contain a protein called avidin, which can deplete your dog of biotin, one of the B vitamins. Biotin is essential to your dog's growth and coat health. Additionally, raw eggs are often contaminated with bacteria, such as salmonella, and you could end up giving your dog food poisoning in addition to biotin deficiency.
Symptoms of biotin depletion are hair loss, weakness, growth retardation and skeleton deformity. If your dog is suffering from these symptoms the situation is urgent, and veterinary treatment is needed. Cooked eggs are high in protein and make an excellent treat. It is only the raw eggs that should not be given to your dog.
Grapes or Raisins:
Although the minimum lethal dosage is not known, grapes and raisins can be toxic to dogs when ingested in large quantities. The symptoms are gastrointestinal signs including vomiting and diarrhea, and then signs of kidney failure with an onset of severe kidney signs starting about 24 hours after ingestion. The amount of grapes eaten varied between 9 oz. and 2 lbs., which worked out to be between 0.41 and 1.1 oz/kg of body weight. It has been reported that two dogs died directly from the toxicity, three were euthanized due to poor response to treatment and five dogs lived.
Due to the severity of the signs and the potential for death, the veterinarians at the National Animal Poison Control Center (NAPCC) advocate aggressive treatment for any dog believed to have ingested excessive amounts of grapes or raisins, including inducing vomiting, stomach pumping and administration of activated charcoal, followed by intravenous fluid therapy for at least 48 hours or as indicated based on the results of blood tests for kidney damage.
Hops;
Spent hops as used in making beer.
Liver:
Many dog treats and prepared foods contain liver so it may surprise you to find liver on the bad foods list. In small amounts liver is good for your dog, but if the liver intake is too high it can cause nutritional problems because liver has a high content of vitamin A. Consumption of this vitamin in large amounts can lead to vitamin A toxicity, or hypervitaminosis A. If your dog eats raw liver or consumes three servings of cooked liver a week it could lead to bone problems. Feeding liver to a dog taking Vitimin A supplements can lead to an overdose of Vitamin A.
Symptoms of hypervitaminosis A are deformed bones, excessive bone growth on the elbows and spine, weight loss and anorexia. If left unchecked, hypervitaminosis A has in some cases caused death.
Macadamia Nuts:
The toxic compound is unknown but eating as few as six nuts without the shell has been known to cause elevated body temperature, accelerated heartbeat, tremors in the skeletal muscles, and weakness or paralysis of the hindquarters. Affected dogs have difficulty or are unable to rise, are distressed and usually panting.Some affected dogs have had swollen limbs and showed pain when the limb was manipulated. Dogs did recover from the muscle weakness and pain and it is not known if there have been any fatal cases. Macadamia butter is included in this warning.
Nutmeg:
Nutmeg is reported to be a hallucinogenic when ingested in large doses. Nutmeg has been known to cause tremors, seizures and in some cases, death.
Nuts:
Nuts in general are not good for dogs as their high phosphorus content may lead to bladder stones.
Mushrooms:
Mushroom poisoning can be fatal if certain species of mushrooms are eaten. The most commonly reported severely toxic species of mushroon in the US is Amanita phalloides, but other Amanita species are also toxic. They can cause severe liver disease and neurologic disorders. The recommendation is to induce vomiting when these mushrooms are ingested and to give activated charcoal, as well. Supportive treatment for liver disease may also be necessary.
Mouldy or Spoiled Foods:
The common mold found growing on many foods contain toxins such as Penicillium mold toxins or tremorgenic mycotoxins. Symptoms of poisoning include severe tremors and seizures that can last for hours or even days. This is considered an emergency and medical treatment is needed to control the seizures and detoxify the dog.
Spoiled foods can cause food poisoning. Symptoms of food poisoning are severe vomiting, diarrhea and shock.
Prevention is the best course, don't feed your dog moldy food left in the refrigerator and don't allow him to raid your garbage cans or compost bin (or your neighbor's).
Onions:
Onions cause hemolytic anemia, which means that the red blood cells break down leaving the dog short of oxygen. Onion poisoning can occur with a single ingestion of large quantities or with repeated meals containing small amounts of onion. The condition generally improves once the dog is prevented from eating any further onion. The poisoning may occur a few days after the dog has eaten the onion. At first dogs affected by onion poisoning show gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea, weakness and show little or no interest in food. The red pigment from the burst blood cells appears in an affected dog's urine making it dark colored. The dog will experience shortness of breath because the red blood cells that carry oxygen through the body are reduced in number. Other symptoms are elevated body temperature, confusion, and increased heart rate. Seek veterinary care immediately.
The quantity of onions, raw or cooked, required is high enough that dogs can generally tolerate small doses of onions without any problem and moderate amounts of onion without apparent signs of onion poisoning. All forms of onion can be a problem including dehydrated onions, raw onions, cooked onions and table scraps containing cooked onions and/or garlic. Left over pizza, Chinese dishes and commercial baby food containing onion, sometimes fed as a supplement to young pets, can cause illness.
While garlic also contains the toxic ingredient thiosulphate, it seems that garlic is less toxic and large amounts would need to be eaten to cause illness.
Peaches:
The seed pit contains cyanogenic glycosides which can cause cyanide poisoning.
Pears:
The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides which can cause cyanide poisoning.
Plums:
The seed pit contains cyanogenic glycosides which can cause cyanide poisoning.
Potatoes:
Solanum alkaloids can be found in green sprouts and green potato skins, which occurs when the tubers are exposed to sunlight during growth or after harvest. The relatively rare occurrence of actual poisoning is due to several factors: solanine is poorly absorbed; it is mostly hydrolyzed into less toxic solanidinel; and the metabolites are quickly eliminated.
Cooked, mashed potatoes are fine for dogs, actually quite nutritious and digestible.
Rich Fatty Foods Rich:
Fatty foods can be very dangerous to dogs susceptible to attacks of pancreatitis. Often you may not know that your dog is susceptible until he is very sick with his first attack. It is often the smaller, more energetic breeds like miniature or toy poodles, cocker spaniels, miniature schauzers, and other small terrier-type dogs who seem particularly prone. However, any dog may have a problem. It is best to avoid these foods altogether.
turkey skin, bacon, sausages, hot dogs
fruit cake, plum pudding
deep-fried foods.
Signs of pancreatitis generally include an acute onset of vomiting (sometimes with diarrhea) and abdominal pain, which may be evidenced as a hunched posture or "splinting" of the abdomen when picked up. The dog may become very sick quickly and often needs intensive fluid and antibiotic therapy.
Salmon (Raw):
Commonly called "Salmon Poisoning Disease" (or SPD), this can be a problem for anyone who feeds their dog a raw meat diet that includes raw salmon, but it is mostly seen in the Pacific Northwest and California. The cause is infection by a rickettsial organism called Neorickettsia helminthoeca. The rickettsial organism does not directly infect the dog but is carried instead by a parasite (a flatworm or fluke) called Nanophyteus salmincola through two intermediate hosts - freshwater snails and salmonid fish.
Nanophyteus salmincola are found to infect some species of freshwater snails. The infected snail is ingested by the salmon as part of the food chain. Neither the fluke nor the rickettsial organism are lethal to the fish. The dog is exposed only when it ingests the secondary host - an infected fish. After the dog ingests the fish, the encysted fluke larvae burst and embed in the dog's intestinal tract and the rickettsia are introduced. The cycle continues when ova are excreted in dog feces to infect more snails.
A sudden onset of symptoms occur 5-7 days after ingestion of fish. Initial symptoms include lethargy and anorexia. Peaking of temperature between 104-107 in the first two days and then slowly returns to normal. Persistent vomiting by the fourth day. There is bloody diarrhea within a few days of vomiting onset. The diarrhea is often bright yellow color. There are enlarged lymph nodes.
In the acute stages, gastrointestinal symptoms are quite similar to canine parvovirus. Nasal and ocular symptoms can resemble canine distemper. If left untreated, SPD has a mortality rate of up to 90%. SPD can be diagnosed with a fecal sample and is treatable if caught in time. Treatment may include supportive hydration, an antibiotic to kill the rickettsial organism, and a "wormer" to kill the parasite. Improvement may be seen in as little as two days.
Prevention is simple, cook all fish before feeding any to your dog. If you are outdoors hiking or camping or live near streams and rivers were salmon spawn, keep a close eye on your dog on don't let your pet run free to insure that no fish carcasses are ingested. Please see your vet immediately if you suspect your dog has ingested raw salmon.
Tomatoes and Tomato Plants:
These contain atropine which can cause dialated pupils, tremors and irregular heartbeat. The highest concentration of atropine is found in the leaves and stems of tomato plants, next is the unripe (green) tomatoes and then the ripe tomato.
Table Scraps:
Table scraps are not a nutritionally balanced diet for a dog. If fed at all scraps should never be more than 10% of the diet. Fat should be trimmed from meat and all cooked bones discarded.
Salt:
Iodized salt and salty foods can cause stomach ailments and pancreatitis. Some dogs, especially large breeds, have been known to gulp too much water after eating salty foods and developed a life threatening condition called bloat during which the stomach fills with gas and twists, leading to a painful death unless emergency treatment is received immediately.
Tobacco Products Cigarettes and cigarette butts, cigars, pipe tobacco, nicotine patches, nicotine gum and chewing tobacco: Can be fatal to dogs if ingested. Signs of nicotine poisoning can appear within an hour and include hyperactivity, salivation, panting, vomiting and diarrhea. Advanced signs include muscle weakness, twitching, collapse, coma, increased heart rate and cardiac arrest. If anyone who lives in or visits your home smokes, tell them to keep tobacco products out of reach of pets and to dispose of butts immediately. If you suspect your dog has ingested any of these seek veterinary treatment immediately.
Plastic Food Wrap and Tin Foil:
Dogs have been known to ingest pieces of plastic wrap and Tin foil while trying to eat food remnants left on its surface. Plastic food wrap and tin foil can cause choking or intestinal obstruction. Dispose of plastic wrap and tin foil in a manner that your dog or other animals cannot get to it.
Play Dough:
Home made play dough contains high levels of salt. When ingested this can cause salt poisoning which can be fatal.
Food Preparation Items;
When chewing food remnants from:
aluminum pans
candy wrappers
paper plates and cups
plastic forks, spoons, knives
plastic beverage rings from six-packs
roasting bags
turkey skewers, lacing:
a dog may swallow pieces which can cause abdominal discomfort, intestinal blockage, internal bleeding and in some cases, death. There is also a possibility if choking or suffocation. Dispose of food preparation items in a manner that your dog or another animal cannot get to it.
Water:
Yet another surprise to find on the Bad Foods List is water, but there are dangers lurking in water that you need to be aware of.
Stagnant water in ponds, bogs, small lakes, canals, seasonal creeks and other places where water sets still may contain harmful bacteria ( Leptospira interrogans) and parasites such as giardia.
Toilet water with freshner or cleaners in the tank or bowl contain toxic chemicals.
An excellent resource for emergency poison consultation (in addition to your veterinarian) is your local Poison Control, and the National Animal Poison Control Center
There are many ways your pet can be poisoned. Poisons can be ingested (eaten or drank), absorbed through the skin, or inhaled. While some poisons act immediately, some take days for symptoms to appear which can make a diagnosis difficult because the symptoms of poisoning are very similar to other medical problems. When signs of nervous system involvement, like tremors or seizures, begin to show your main objective is to get your dog to a veterinarian as quickly as possible. Try to bring with you a sample of vomitus, or better yet the poison in its original container. If for any reason you supect your pet has been poisoned the sooner you seek veterinary treatment the better your pet's chances for survival, hopefully with no long term side effects or organ damage.
Here is a list of common signs seen with poisoning
muscle tremors (including uncontrollable shivering) or seizures
vomiting and or diarrhea, sometimes with blood
excessive salivation - drooling or foaming
redness of skin, ears, eyes
mental depression or excitement (may be easily excitable)
bleeding (as with rat poison ingestion)
ulceration or blisters of the mouth or skin
excessive pawing at the mouth, excessive licking
swelling (i.e. of a limb or face, commonly seen with insect bites and stings)
elevated or depressed body temperature (elevations usually due to increased muscle activity -- tremors, seizures)
What you should do if you suspect your pet has been poisoned
Call your veterinarian or veterinary emergency clinic immediately. Have the following information ready:
the exact name of toxin, product or plant ingested, inhaled, or absorbed
if the poison is known, take the box or package with you.
approximately how much of the toxin was ingested.
how long ago you suspect that your pet may have been poisoned
approximate weight of your pet.
what signs your pet is showing (vomiting, tremors, salivation, etc.)
general observations (such as color of the gums, respiratory rate, heart rate, and if possible, body temperature
Some toxins need to be neutralized with activated charcoal, others need to be expelled by vomiting, and still others have antidotes. DO NOT induce vomiting without first consulting your veterinarian or Poison Control center. Some toxins are caustic, and vomiting will only increase the damage. DO NOT induce vomiting or give charcoal by mouth if your dog is severely depressed, comatose, unable to swallow or experiencing seizures.
How to Delay or Prevent Absorption
Mix activated charcoal (one tablet to 10-cc water). Give one teaspoonful per two pounds body weight and follow with a pint of water. Depending upon the dog's condition, this may need to be given by stomach tube. Veterinary assistance usually is required.
Thirty minutes later, give sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt), one teaspoonful per ten pounds body weight, or Milk of Magnesia, one teaspoonful per five pounds body weight.
Note: If these agents are not available, coat the bowel with milk, egg whites or vegetable oil and give a warm water enema.
If Your Veterinarian Tells You To Induce Vomiting
Always follow the instructions your vet or the Poison Control Center gives you. It is possible to induce vomiting using hydrogen peroxide given in small amounts until the dog vomits or by using syrup of ipecac (it takes about 1 teaspoon of ipecac syrup per 10 lbs. of body weigh to induce vomiting, on the average so it can be hard to give enough of this, and since an overdosage can cause heart problems it must be be measured carefully. Apomorphine is a good choice for inducing vomiting but usually only available through your vet.
Skin or Coat
If your dog has a poisonous substance on the skin or coat, wash it well with soap and water or give a complete bath in lukewarm (not cold) water. Even if the substance is not irritating to the skin, it should be removed. Otherwise, the dog may lick it off and swallow it. Soak gasoline and oil stains with mineral or vegetable oil. Work in well. Then wash with a mild detergent, such as Ivory soap.
Eyes
If a poisonous substance gets in your dogs eyes flush the eyes with lots of water. Lukewarm water may be more comfortable to the eye but time is of the essence as any poison could permanently damage the eye or cause blindness.
Excellent resources for emergency poison consultation (in addition to your veterinarian) are
your local Poison Control Center and the
National Animal Poison Control Center
